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IELTS Free Online Writing Practice - Discuss the impact of pollution on freshwater ecosystems.

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IELTS Writing Task 2 Topic: Discuss the impact of pollution on freshwater ecosystems.

Model Answer:

In recent years, the problem of water pollution has become increasingly critical, especially in freshwater ecosystems. This essay will discuss the consequences of water pollution on these fragile environments and suggest ways to mitigate its harmful effects.

Pollution in freshwater ecosystems primarily originates from two sources: point sources and non-point sources. Point sources include industrial waste discharge, sewage outflow, and agricultural runoff. These pollutants can cause severe damage to aquatic life by degrading water quality and disrupting the natural balance of these ecosystems. For example, excess nutrients from fertilizers and human waste can lead to eutrophication, a process in which algae grow uncontrollably, reducing dissolved oxygen levels and causing the death of fish and other organisms.

Non-point sources of pollution, such as atmospheric deposition, leachate from landfills, and sedimentation, contribute to water contamination by introducing various toxic substances into freshwater systems. These pollutants can bioaccumulate in the tissues of aquatic organisms, leading to a decline in biodiversity and disrupting the food chain. Additionally, the introduction of invasive species due to polluted water can cause further harm to native species and alter the ecosystem's natural balance.

In addition to the detrimental effects on aquatic life, pollution in freshwater ecosystems also has significant implications for human health. Contaminated water can serve as a vector for waterborne diseases, such as cholera, dysentery, and typhoid fever. Moreover, the degradation of these ecosystems can lead to decreased water availability, affecting agriculture, industry, and domestic use.

To mitigate the harmful effects of pollution on freshwater ecosystems, it is essential to implement sustainable practices at various levels. At the individual level, people should be encouraged to reduce their consumption of water-intensive products, recycle waste appropriately, and dispose of hazardous materials responsibly. Industries should invest in pollution prevention technologies, such as advanced wastewater treatment systems, to minimize the release of pollutants into freshwater ecosystems. Governments should also enforce stricter regulations on industrial and agricultural activities near water sources and allocate resources for monitoring and restoring affected environments.

In conclusion, water pollution poses a significant threat to the health and diversity of freshwater ecosystems. By adopting sustainable practices at individual, industrial, and governmental levels, we can reduce the impact of pollution on these fragile environments and safeguard them for future generations.

Overall Score (based on IELTS scoring standards):
- Task Response: 9
- Coherence & Cohesion: 8.5
- Lexical Resource: 9
- Grammatical Range & Accuracy: 9

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